Regulation of mineralisation in bone and vascular tissue: a comparative review

Biomineralisation, the deposition of mineral onto a matrix, can be both physiological and pathological process. Bone formation involves secretion an extracellular matrix (ECM) by osteoblasts subsequent mineralisation that matrix. It is regulated number local systemic factors necessary for maintenance normal bone health. Conversely, (or calcification) soft tissues, including vasculature, detrimental to tissue, leading diseases such as arterial medial calcification (AMC). The mechanisms underlying AMC development are not fully defined, though it thought vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) drive this complex, cell-mediated Similarly, variety enzymes molecules, many which have already been implicated in regulation mineralisation. This review will provide overview similar, sometimes opposing effects these signalling molecules on AMC.